Agrobiological evaluations of newly introduced grapes varieties under climatic conditions of the south of Kazakhstan / Avaliações agrobiológicas de variedades de uvas recém-introduzidas sob as condições climáticas do sul do Cazaquistão

Variety assortment enhancement is a normal task that involves enhancing the assortment's quality and upgrading varieties. The findings of a research of imported grape varieties in the southeast of Kazakhstan, namely in the Almaty region's bottom-mountain zone, are presented in this article. The onset and conclusion of the main phenological phases of a grape plant throughout the vegetative period were directly influenced by the climatic and meteorological conditions of this district. In comparison to the recognized variety Almaty early-maturing, it has been proven that types Priusadebny, Iyulsky, and Kuibyshevsk early-maturing have a high degree of eyes wintering buds and may provide a high-quality crop in this location.

O aprimoramento da variedade é uma tarefa normal que envolve o aprimoramento da qualidade da variedade e o aprimoramento das variedades. As descobertas de uma pesquisa de variedades de uvas importadas no sudeste do Cazaquistão, ou seja, na zona de base da montanha da região de Almaty, são apresentadas neste artigo. O início e a conclusão das principais fases fenológicas de uma videira ao longo do período vegetativo foram diretamente influenciados pelas condições climáticas e meteorológicas deste distrito. Em comparação com a variedade reconhecida Almaty de maturação precoce, foi comprovado que os tipos Priusadebny, Iyulsky e Kuibyshevsk de maturação precoce têm um alto grau de gomos de inverno de olhos e podem fornecer uma safra de alta qualidade neste local.

Agrobiological evaluations of newly introduced grapes varieties under climatic conditions of the south of Kazakhstan

Abstract Variety assortment enhancement is a normal task that involves enhancing the assortment's quality and upgrading varieties. The findings of a research of imported grape varieties in the southeast of Kazakhstan, namely in the Almaty region's bottom-mountain zone, are presented in this article. The onset and conclusion of the main phenological phases of a grape plant throughout the vegetative period were directly influenced by the climatic and meteorological conditions of this district. In comparison to the recognized variety Almaty early-maturing, it has been proven that types Priusadebny, Iyulsky, and Kuibyshevsk early-maturing have a high degree of eyes wintering buds and may provide a high-quality crop in this location.

Resumo O aprimoramento da variedade é uma tarefa normal que envolve o aprimoramento da qualidade da variedade e o aprimoramento das variedades. As descobertas de uma pesquisa de variedades de uvas importadas no sudeste do Cazaquistão, ou seja, na zona de base da montanha da região de Almaty, são apresentadas neste artigo. O início e a conclusão das principais fases fenológicas de uma videira ao longo do período vegetativo foram diretamente influenciados pelas condições climáticas e meteorológicas deste distrito. Em comparação com a variedade reconhecida Almaty de maturação precoce, foi comprovado que os tipos Priusadebny, Iyulsky e Kuibyshevsk de maturação precoce têm um alto grau de gomos de inverno de olhos e podem fornecer uma safra de alta qualidade neste local.

Modeling Mediated Crossover Acute and Subacute Damage to the Pulmonary System During Systemic (Subcutaneous) Administration of Bleomycin in Mice to Test the Potential Therapeutic Effect of Polyphenols / Modelado del Daño Agudo y Subagudo Cruzado Mediado al Sistema Pulmonar Durante la Infección Sistémica (Subcutánea) de Administración de Bleomicina a Ratones para Probar el Posible Efecto Terapéutico de los Polifenoles

SUMMARY: The potential anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic activity of polyphenolic extracts of blueberry and grape was evaluated in a mouse model of lung damage induced by subcutaneous administration of bleomycin. The results of testing the polyphenolic extracts on two different systemic administration variants of bleomycin (intraperitoneal and subcutaneous) were compared. It was found that regardless of the method of bleomycin administration, indirect cross-acute and subacute damage to the pulmonary system was observed. Both patterns exhibited the same prevalence and severity. The administration of polyphenolic extracts of blueberry and grape to mice resulted in a significant decrease in theseverity of acute and subacute patterns of lung damage, suggesting their protective properties for the microcirculatory bed and a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect.

La potencial actividad antiinflamatoria y antifibrótica de los extractos polifenólicos de arándano y uva se evaluó en un modelo de daño pulmonar en ratón inducido por la administración subcutánea de bleomicina. Se compararon los resultados de las pruebas de los extractos polifenólicos en dos variantes diferentes de administración sistémica de bleomicina (intraperitoneal y subcutánea). Se encontró que, independientemente del método de administración de bleomicina, se observaba daño indirecto cruzado, agudo y subagudo al sistema pulmonar. Ambos patrones exhibieron la misma prevalencia y gravedad. La administración de extractos polifenólicos de arándano y uva a ratones dio como resultado una disminución significativa en la gravedad de los patrones agudos y subagudos de daño pulmonar, lo que sugiere sus propiedades protectoras del lecho micro- circulatorio y un efecto antiinflamatorio pronunciado.

Biological control of foodborne pathogens by lacticacid bacteria: A focus on juice processing industries

Abstract The use of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in foods as biocontrol agents against foodborne pathogens has become increasingly known. Under the premise that controlling the adhesion of microorganisms to food contact surfaces is an essential step for meeting the goals of food processing, the aim of this work was to investigate the inhibitory and anti-biofilm effectiveness of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (ATCC 53103) and Lactobacillus casei (ATCC 393) against Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes. Lactobacillus strains (108UFCCFU/ml) and pathogens (104UFCCFU/ml) were evaluated to monitor LAB anti-adhesive and antibiofilm effect, in two main scenarios: (i) co-adhesion and (ii) pathogen incorporation to stainless steel surfaces with a protective biofilm of Lactobacillus cells. In (i) the predominant effect was observed in L. rhamnosus against S. enterica and L. monocytogenes, whereas in (ii) both LAB significantly reduced the number of pathogenic adherent cells. The effect of pre-established LAB biofilms was more successful in displacing the three pathogens than when they were evaluated under co-adhesion. These findings show that both LAB can be considered good candidates to prevent or inhibit the adhesion and colonization of L. monocytogenes, S. enterica and E. coli O157:H7 on surfaces and conditions of relevance for juice processing industries, offering alternatives for improving the safety and quality of fruit-based products.

Resumen Existe un creciente interés en el uso de bacterias ácido lácticas (BAL) como agentes de biocontrol frente a patógenos de transmisión alimentaria. Bajo la premisa de que el control de la adhesión de microorganismos a superficies de contacto con alimentos es el paso esencial para evitar su contaminación, el objetivo de este trabajo fue investigar la efectividad inhibitoria y antibiofilm de Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (ATCC 53103) y Lactobacillus casei (ATCC 393) frente a Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enterica y Listeria monocytogenes. A fin de cumplir con el objetivo propuesto, las cepas de Lactobacillus (108UFCUFC/ml) y los patógenos (104UFCUFC/ml) se ensayaron en 2 escenarios: (1) coadhesión, y (2) incorporación de los patógenos a las superficies de acero inoxidable con un biofilm preformado de Lactobacillus. En (1), el efecto predominante se observó con L. rhamnosus frente a S. enterica y L. monocytogenes, mientras que en (2), ambas BAL redujeron significativamente el número de células patógenas adheridas. En función de estos resultados, concluimos que el efecto de un biofilm preformado de ambas BAL fue más exitoso en el desplazamiento de los 3 patógenos que en coadhesión. Ambas BAL pueden considerarse buenas candidatas para mitigar la adhesión y colonización de L. monocytogenes, S. enterica y E. coli O157:H7 en superficies en condiciones de relevancia para la industria procesadora de jugos, y, de esta manera, ofrecer alternativas para mejorar la seguridad y calidad de los alimentos a base de frutas.

Identificación y selección de Saccharomyces cerevisiae nativas para mejorar el proceso productivo del Pisco a partir de uva Quebranta

El Pisco es el destilado del Perú, elaborado a partir de mostos recientemente fermentados con uvas criollas denominadas "pisqueras". Las levaduras son los microorganismos clave en la fermentación y el uso de cepas nativas seleccionadas presenta ventajas competitivas para la tipicidad del producto, así como también para la estandarización del producto y el control microbiológico del proceso. El objetivo fue identificar y seleccionar las cepas de levaduras nativas para la producción del Pisco de uva Quebranta aisladas de procesos productivos de Pisco en el valle de Ica. Para ello, se emplearon técnicas microbiológicas y moleculares mediante el análisis de ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 PCR-RFLP para la identidad taxonómica. La evaluación de las cepas para producir Pisco consistió en el análisis fisicoquímico y organoléptico del destilado obtenido con las cepas seleccionadas. Se evaluaron 3 aislados para la producción de Pisco identificados como Saccharomyces cerevisiae: UNA SC - 25, UNA SC - 49 y UNA SC - 54, de los cuales la cepa UNA SC-49 destacó por mostrar aptitudes enológicas diferentes a las otras cepas. Este trabajo constituye el primer registro de levaduras nativas del Perú para mostos procedentes de uva Quebranta.

El Pisco stands as Peru's distilled spirit, crafted from recently fermented musts derived from native grape varieties known as "pisqueras". Yeasts serve as decisive microorganisms in the fermentation process, and the utilization of selected native strains confers competitive advantages for product typicity, standardization, and microbiological control within the production process. The aim was to identify and select native yeast strains for Quebranta grape Pisco production, isolated from Pisco production processes in the Ica Valley. Microbiological and molecular techniques were employed, utilizing ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 PCR-RFLP analysis for taxonomic identification. The assessment of yeast strains for Pisco production involved the physicochemical and organoleptic analysis of the distilled product obtained using the selected strains. Three isolates were evaluated for Pisco production, identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae: UNA SC - 25, UNA SC - 49, and UNA SC - 54. Among these, the UNA SC-49 strain stood out due to displaying oenological characteristics distinct from the other strains. This work is the first documentation of native yeasts in Peru for musts derived from Quebranta grapes.

The effect of extraction methods on total phenolics and antioxidant activities in Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskal) J. Agardh extracts / Efecto de los métodos de extracción sobre los fenoles totales y las actividades antioxidantes de los extractos de Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskal) J. Agardh

Background: The edible green algae Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskal) J. Agardh (Caulerpaceae), also known as "sea grape", is an excellent source of phenolic compounds known for their activity to reduce free radicals. Objectives: The research aims to evaluate the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of C. racemosa (70% ethanol extracts) obtained from different extraction methods, such as maceration, Soxhlet, and ultrasound. Methods: Total phenolics of the extracts were determined by the colorimetry method using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Total phenol content was expressed as mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) per g extract. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical was used to assess the antioxidant activity of the extracts. Results: the ethanol extract of C. racemosa obtained from the ultrasonic methods had the highest phenolic content (39.38 mg GAE/g) compared to other extraction methods (Soxhlet was 36.88 mg GAE/g and maceration was 22.05 mg GAE/g). The IC50 value against DPPH of the C. racemosa ethanol extracts using ultrasonic, Soxhlet, and maceration was 352.95, 365.73, and 375.84 µg/mL, respectively. Conclusions: the variation of the extraction methods affected the total phenolics content of C. racemosa ethanol extracts and their antioxidant activity. We reported here the potential of C. racemosa extracts as an antioxidant raw material from marine plants for medicinal, nutraceutical, cosmetics, and food products; however, more research is needed.

Antecedentes: El alga verde comestible Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskal) J. Agardh (Caulerpaceae), también conocida como "uva de mar", es una excelente fuente de compuestos fenólicos conocidos por su actividad para reducir los radicales libres. Objetivos: La investigación pretende evaluar el contenido fenólico total y la actividad antioxidante de C. racemosa (extractos de etanol al 70%) obtenidos a partir de diferentes métodos de extracción, como maceración, Soxhlet y ultrasonido. Métodos: Los fenoles totales de los extractos se determinaron por el método colorimétrico utilizando el reactivo de Folin-Ciocalteu. El contenido total de fenoles se expresó como mg de ácido gálico equivalente (GAE) por g de extracto. Para evaluar la actividad antioxidante de los extractos se utilizó el radical libre 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazilo (DPPH). Resultados: el extracto etanólico de C. racemosa obtenido por ultrasonido presentó el mayor contenido fenólico (39,38 mg GAE/g) en comparación con otros métodos de extracción (Soxhlet fue de 36,88 mg GAE/g y maceración fue de 22,05 mg GAE/g). El valor IC50 frente a DPPH de los extractos etanólicos de C. racemosa mediante ultrasonido, Soxhlet y maceración fue de 352,95, 365,73 y 375,84 µg/mL, respectivamente. Conclusiones: la variación de los métodos de extracción afectó al contenido total de fenoles de los extractos etanólicos de C. racemosa y a su actividad antioxidante. Aquí reportamos el potencial de los extractos de C. racemosa como materia prima antioxidante a partir de plantas marinas para productos medicinales, nutracéuticos, cosméticos y alimenticios; sin embargo, se necesita más investigación.

Low concentrations of grape seed extract maintain osteoblast morphology, cell adhesion, and mineralization

Abstract The increase in life expectancy has led to a higher incidence of osteoporosis, characterized by an imbalance in bone remodeling. Several drugs are used for its treatment, but most promote undesirable side effects. The present investigation evaluated the effects of two low concentrations of grape seed extract (GSE) rich in proanthocyanidins on MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells. The cells were cultured in an osteogenic medium and divided into control (C), 0.1 µg/mL GSE (GSE0.1), and 1.0 µg/mL GSE (GSE1.0) groups to evaluate cell morphology, adhesion, and proliferation, in situ alkaline phosphatase (ALP) detection, mineralization and immunolocalization of osteopontin (OPN). The data obtained were analyzed by statistical tests for a significance of 5%. Cell morphology was maintained with both GSE concentrations, whereas cell adhesion significantly increased within three days in all groups. Cell proliferation increased significantly at seven days of culture, followed by a significant decrease in all experimental periods, with no statistical difference among them. In situ detection of ALP and mineralization increased with time, but within each period, no statistical differences among groups were observed. The expression of osteopontin was distributed regularly with more intensity after 24 hours in the GSE0.1 group. After three days, OPN expression was more intense in the control group, followed by GSE0.1 and GSE1.0 groups. Data obtained suggest that low concentrations of GSE do not affect the morphology and may stimulate the functional activity of osteoblastic cells.

Resumo O aumento da expectativa de vida tem levado a uma maior incidência de osteoporose, caracterizada por um desequilíbrio na remodelação óssea. Vários medicamentos são utilizados para o seu tratamento, contudo, a maioria promove efeitos colaterais indesejáveis. A presente investigação avaliou os efeitos de duas baixas concentrações de extrato de semente de uva (GSE) rico em proantocianidinas em células osteoblásticas MC3T3-E1. As células foram cultivadas em meio osteogênico e divididas em grupos controle (C), 0,1 µg/mL de GSE (GSE0.1) e 1,0 µg/mL de GSE (GSE1.0) para avaliar morfologia, adesão e proliferação celular, detecção in situ de fosfatase alcalina (ALP), mineralização e imunolocalização da proteína osteopontina (OPN). Os dados obtidos foram analisados por testes estatísticos para um nível de significância de 5%. A proliferação celular aumentou significativamente aos sete dias de cultura, seguido de uma diminuição significativa em todos os períodos experimentais, sem diferença estatística entre eles. A detecção in situ de ALP e mineralização aumentou com o tempo, mas dentro de cada período não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas entre os grupos. A morfologia celular foi mantida com ambas as concentrações de GSE, enquanto a adesão celular aumentou significativamente aos três dias em todos os grupos. A expressão de osteopontina distribuiu-se regularmente com maior intensidade após 24 horas no grupo GSE0.1. Após três dias, a expressão de OPN foi mais intensa no grupo controle, seguida pelos grupos GSE0.1 e GSE1.0. Os dados obtidos sugerem que baixas concentrações de GSE não afetam a morfologia e podem estimular a atividade funcional das células osteoblásticas.

Potential antifibrotic effect of blueberry and grape polyphenol extracts in acute and subacute bleomycin-induced lung tissue injury models in mice / Potencial efecto antifibrótico de los extractos de polifenoles de arándano y uva en modelos de lesión tisular pulmonar aguda y subaguda inducida por bleomicina en ratones

SUMMARY: An experimental morphological and morphometric study of the antifibrotic function of blueberry and grape extracts was carried out on a model of lung injury in mice induced by intraperitoneal administration of bleomycin. During intraperitoneal administration of bleomycin to mice, acute and subacute damage to the pulmonary system was noted. Both patterns had the same prevalence and severity. The administration of polyphenolic extracts of blueberry and grape to mice showed a significant reduction in the severity of the acute and subacute pattern of lung injury. Blueberry and grape extracts reduce the acute phase of damage to the microvasculature, enhance phagocytic function, have an anti-inflammatory effect, reducing the degree of lymphohistiocytic infiltration and locoregional foci of residual inflammatory effects.

Se realizó un estudio experimental morfológico y morfométrico de la función antifibrótica de extractos de arándano y uva en un modelo de lesión pulmonar en ratones inducida por la administración intraperitoneal de bleomicina. Durante la administración intraperitoneal de bleomicina a ratones, se observaron daños agudos y subagudos en el sistema pulmonar. Ambos patrones tuvieron la misma prevalencia y severidad. La administración de extractos polifenólicos de arándano y uva a ratones mostró una reducción significativa en la severidad del patrón agudo y subagudo de lesión pulmonar. Los extractos de arándano y uva reducen la fase aguda del daño a la microvasculatura, mejoran la función fagocítica, tienen un efecto antiinflamatorio, reducen el grado de infiltración linfohistiocítica y los focos locorregionales de efectos inflamatorios residuales.

Grape Seed Extract Attenuates Demyelination in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Mice by Inhibiting Inflammatory Response of Immune Cells / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To examine the anti-inflammatory effect of grape seed extract (GSE) in animal and cellular models and explore its mechanism of action.@*METHODS@#This study determined the inhibitory effect of GSE on macrophage inflammation and Th1 and Th17 polarization in vitro. Based on the in vitro results, the effects and mechanisms of GSE on multiple sclerosis (MS)-experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice model were further explored. The C57BL/6 mice were intragastrically administered with 50 mg/kg of GSE once a day from the 3rd day to the 27th day after immunization. The activation of microglia, the polarization of Th1 and Th17 and the inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α), interleukin-1 β (IL-1 β), IL-6, IL-12, IL-17 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) secreted by them were detected in vitro and in vivo by flow cytometry, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunofluorescence staining and Western blot, respectively.@*RESULTS@#GSE reduced the secretion of TNF-α, IL-1 β and IL-6 in bone marrow-derived macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (P<0.01), inhibited the secretion of TNF-α, IL-1 β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-17 and IFN-γ in spleen cells of EAE mice immunized for 9 days (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and reduced the differentiation of Th1 and Th17 mediated by CD3 and CD28 factors (P<0.01). GSE significantly improved the clinical symptoms of EAE mice, and inhibited spinal cord demyelination and inflammatory cell infiltration. Peripherally, GSE downregulated the expression of toll-like-receptor 4 (TLR4) and Rho-associated kinase (ROCKII, P<0.05 or P<0.01), and inhibited the secretion of inflammatory factors (P<0.01 or P<0.05). In the central nervous system, GSE inhibited the infiltration of CD45+CD11b+ and CD45+CD4+ cells, and weakened the differentiation of Th1 and Th17 (P<0.05). Moreover, it reduced the secretion of inflammatory factors (P<0.01), and prevented the activation of microglia (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#GSE had a beneficial effect on the pathogenesis and progression of EAE by inhibiting inflammatory response as a potential drug and strategy for the treatment of MS.

Physico-chemical Characterization and Polyphenolic Composition of Red Wines Produced from Autochthonous Grapes Varieties (Vitis vinifera) in Turkey

Aims: Local varieties of “Hönüsü” and “Horozkaras?” red grapes have been evaluated for the production of red wine and characterized33 for their chemical and sensory characteristics. Study Design: This research was initiated by the Food microbiology researcher and Applications Unit of Fermentation Laboratory. Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of Fermentation of the Food Engineering Department in Gaziantep University, October 2019 to May 2021. Methodology: All wines were produced by a standard procedure of vinification. Three types of red wines were produced from combinations of red grapes. Ten phenolics were quantitatively detected in the red wines during processing. Brix, alcohol, pH and free SO2 contents were also detected. Results: The results showed that the type of technology affects significantly (p<0.05) the level of phenolic compounds formed during processing. Horozkaras?” red grape contributed to the highest amount of phenolic compounds in red wines. Gaziantep wine provides valuable information about the production of red wine from Gaziantep red grapes. Conclusion: The phenolic compounds of red wines were significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of musts. Many of the remarkable features of the phenolic profiles and Brix of grape varieties could help us to characterize Gaziantep wines. The mixture of must from “Hönüsü” and “Horozkaras?” red grapes with 7:3 ratio contributes suitable sugar and phenolic compounds for red wine. The results from this study provide valuable information about the red wine produced from the ancient grape varieties of the Southeast region.

Efecto de distintas Concentraciones de un Gel Experimental a Base de Extracto Etanólico de Semillas de Uva (Vitis vinifera L) sobre la Resistencia de Adhesión de Resina Nanohíbrida

El objetivo del estudio es determinar el efecto de distintas concentraciones de un gel experimental a base de extracto etanólico de semillas de uva (Vitis vinifera L) sobre la resistencia a la adhesión de resina nanohíbrida. Se obtuvo el extracto etanólico a base de Semillas de Uva (EESU) por maceración en alcohol al 70 % durante 45 días. Se reconstituyó el principio activo de las semillas de uva en forma de polvo mezclando 200 ml de agua ultrapura, 2 g. de Carbopol 940, 20 g. de glicerol, 20g. de propilenglicol, 1g. de benzoato de sodio, 1.5 de trietanolamina, obteniendo un gel con un pH de 14, en concentraciones de 5 %, 10 % y 15 %. La sustancia madre fue sometida a cromatografía en capa fina HPLC para identificar sus componentes químicos hallando compuestos fenólicos (ácido Gálico), taninos y en menor cantidad flavonoides. No existieron diferencias significativas entre los grupos control y experimentales cuya tracción se realizó inmediatamente al tratamiento de aclaramiento dental, a los 7 días y 14 días. El extracto etanólico de semillas de uva (Vitis Vinífera L) en concentraciones de 5 %, 10 % y 15 % tuvieron el mismo efecto sobre la resistencia a la adhesión de resina nanohíbrida.

The objective of the study is to determine the effect of different concentrations of an experimental gel based on ethanolic extract of grape seeds (Vitis vinifera L) on the resistance to adhesion of nanohybrid resin The ethanolic extract based on Grape Seeds (EESU) by maceration in 70 % alcohol for 45 days. The active principle of grape seeds was reconstituted in powder form by mixing 200 ml of ultrapure water, 2 g. of Carbopol 940, 20 g. glycerol, 20g. of propylene glycol, 1g. of sodium benzoate, 1.5 of triethanolamine, obtaining a gel with a pH of 14, in concentrations of 5 %, 10 % and 15 %. The base substance was subjected to HPLC thin-layer chromatography to identify its chemical components, finding phenolic compounds (Gallic acid), tannins and, to a lesser extent, flavonoids. There were no significant differences between the control and experimental groups whose traction was performed immediately after dental whitening treatment, at 7 days and 14 days. The ethanolic extract of grape seeds (Vitis vinifera L) in concentrations of 5 %, 10 % and 15 % had the same effect on the resistance to the adhesion of nanohybrid resin.

Effect of Cissus quadrangularis on Fracture Healing in Laboratory Animal / Efeito do Cissus quadrangularis na cicatrização de fraturas em animais de laboratório

Objectives: The present study was designed to examine the efficacy of Cissus quadrangularis paste on fracture healing in artificially induced fractured rabbits. Methods: Fifteen rabbits were separated into three groups namely A, B, and C. Veldt grape paste was applied in groups B and C (Treatment Group) by close reduction and open reduction methods of fracture management; respectively, while group A was kept as control. The blood parameter and fracture healing properties in all animals have been monitored and examined routinely during the study period. Results: Both treated groups revealed lower serum calcium levels (SCL) than the control group after 24 hours of fracture that became within the normal range on the 14th day. Fracture healing in the treated groups has been commenced more rapidly than the control group with complete bridging of discontinuity by a distinct osseous callus in the fracture line on day 7 and complete effacing of fracture line on day 14. Conclusion: We did not find any type of anomalousness, clinical deviations, and alteration of serum calcium level on the 14th day of the fracture in treated animals hence Veldt Grape paste could be readily applicable to the management of the fracture in animals.

Objetivos: avaliar a eficácia da pasta de Cissus quadrangularis na consolidação de fraturas em coelhos fraturados artificialmente. Metodos: quinze coelhos foram separados em três grupos (A, B e C). A pasta foi aplicada nos grupos B e C (Grupo de Tratamento) pelos métodos de redução fechada e redução aberta de gerenciamento de fraturas; respectivamente. O grupo A foi mantido como controle. O parâmetro sanguíneo e as propriedades de cicatrização de fraturas em todos os animais foram monitorados e examinados, rotineiramente, durante o período do estudo. Resultados: ambos os grupos tratados revelaram níveis séricos de cálcio (SCL) mais baixos do que o grupo controle, após 24 horas de fratura que se tornou normal no 14º dia. A cicatrização da fratura nos grupos tratados foi iniciada mais rapidamente do que o grupo controle, com ponte completa de descontinuidade por um calo ósseo distinto na linha de fratura no dia 7 e apagamento completo da linha de fratura no dia 14. Conclusao: não encontramos nenhum tipo de anomalia, desvios clínicos e alteração do nível sérico de cálcio no 14º dia da fratura nos animais tratados, portanto, a pasta Veldt Grape pode ser aplicável ao manejo da fratura em animais.

Functional and chemical qualities of Vitis labrusca grape seed oil extracted by supercritical CO 2 / Calidad funcional y química del aceite de semilla de Vitis labrusca extraído mediante CO 2 supercrítico / Qualidade funcional e química do óleo de semente de Vitis labrusca extraído por CO 2 supercrítico

Abstract Grape seed oil, which is usually extracted with highly toxic organic solvents that are harmful to human health, is produced from tons of grape pomace waste, generated during winemaking. Sometimes, this waste is used to make compost or is burnt, which causes environmental contamination. The functional qualities, antioxidant capacity (AC), α-tocopherol and total phenolic compounds content (TPC) of Black Borgoña (Vitis labrusca) grape seed oil, extracted by supercritical CO2, were evaluated. The high content of linoleic acid (ω-6) and monounsaturated fatty acids contributed to the beneficial effect on the functional quality indices, which were 0.20, 0.23, 11.80 for IA, IT and H:H, respectively. In addition, a POV of 6.23 ± 0.08 milliequivalents of peroxide/kg oil and an anisidine index of 2.70 ± 0.05 indicated a good quality oil. Also, a high concentration of a-tocopherol (9.82 ± 0.02 mg/100 g oil) and a high TPC ("4.14 ± 3.24 mg GAE/kg oil) were obtained. This study demonstrated that supercritical CO2 extraction is a suitable method for the delivery of a high-quality grape seed oil.

Resumen El aceite de semilla de uva que generalmente se extrae con disolventes orgánicos altamente tóxicos y perjudiciales para la salud humana, se produce a partir de toneladas de residuos de orujo de uva, generados durante la elaboración del vino. A veces, estos residuos se utilizan para hacer compost o se queman, lo que provoca la contaminación del medio ambiente. Se evaluaron las cualidades funcionales, la capacidad antioxidante (AC), el contenido de a-tocoferol y los compuestos fenólicos totales (TPC) del aceite de semilla de uva Borgoña Negra (Vitis labrusca), extraído mediante CO2 supercrítico. El alto contenido de ácido linoleico (ω-6) y de ácidos grasos monoinsaturados contribuyó al efecto beneficioso sobre los índices de calidad funcional que fueron de 0.20, 0.23, ''.80 para IA, IT y H:H, respectivamente. Además, un POV de 6.23 ± 0.08 miliequivalentes de peróxido/ kg de aceite y un índice de anisidina de 2.70 ± 0.05 indicaban una buena calidad del aceite. También se obtuvo una alta concentración de α-tocoferol (9.82 ± 0.02 mg/100 g de aceite) y un alto TPC ("4.14 ± 3.24 mg de GAE/ kg de aceite). Este estudio demostró que la extracción con CO2 supercrítico es un método adecuado para obtener un aceite de semilla de uva de alta calidad.

Resumo O óleo de semente de uva é geralmente extraído com solventes orgânicos altamente tóxicos que são prejudiciais à saúde humana, é produzido a partir de toneladas de resíduos de bagaço de uva, gerados durante a vinificação. Às vezes, esses resíduos são usados para fazer adubo ou são queimados, o que causa contaminação ambiental. Foram avaliadas as qualidades funcionais, capacidade antioxidante (AC), a-tocoferol e o teor total de compostos fenólicos (TPC) do óleo de semente de uva Borgoña Negra (Vitis labrusca), extraído por CO2 supercrítico. O alto teor de ácido linoleico (ω-6) e ácidos graxos monoinsaturados contribuiu para o efeito benéfico sobre os índices de qualidade funcional que foram 0.20, 0.23, 11.80 para IA, IT e H:H, respectivamente. Além disso, um POV de 6.23 ± 0.08 miliequivalentes de peróxido/ kg de óleo e um índice de anisidina de 2.70 ± 0.05 indicava uma boa qualidade de óleo. Também foi obtida uma alta concentração de α-tocoferol (9.82 ± 0.02 mg/100 g de óleo) e um alto TPC ("4.14 ± 3.24 mg de óleo GAE/ kg). Este estudo mostrou que a extração de CO2 supercrítico é um método adequado para a entrega de um óleo de semente de uva de alta qualidade.

Comparative analysis on immunity of volleyball players before and after taking grape procyanidins sports supplement / Análise comparativa da função de voleibol em suplemento extra-corpóreo para vegetarianos desportivos / Análisis comparativo de la función de inmunodeficiencia del voleibol utilizado por el suplemento deportivo vitro vegetariano

ABSTRACT Grape proanthocyanidin is a good health product, without side effects and excellent biological activity, but research in the field of sports tonic is still relatively slow. Currently, the technology of preparation and extraction of grape proanthocyanidins is relatively mature. This fact laid the groundwork for sports tonic proanthocyanidin research. This study first described the biological structure of proanthocyanidin in grapes, and built the immune system of volleyball players before and after taking proanthocyanidin sports supplements. He then analyzed the factors that influence immunity. The results show that the primary index subsystem is consistent with the total system in each phase, but there are still few differences over time, which can be divided into four phases: development, recession, recovery and stability; at the level of scientific training it is reasonable. Male and female athletes take exercise supplements containing proanthocyanidin at each level of training. Regarding humoral immunity and cellular immunity, there was no adverse reaction. This study may offer some reference value for other athletes before and after taking proanthocyanidin as a sports supplement.

RESUMO A proantocianidina da uva é um produto bom para a saúde, sem efeitos colaterais e excelente atividade biológica, mas a pesquisa no campo do tônico esportivo ainda é relativamente lenta. Atualmente, a tecnologia de preparação e extração das proantocianidinas de uva está relativamente madura. Este fato lançou as bases para a investigação da proantocianidina desportiva tónica. Este estudo descreveu, em primeiro lugar, a estrutura biológica da proantocianidina das uvas, e construiu o sistema imunitário dos jogadores de voleibol antes e depois de tomar suplementos desportivos de proantocianidina. Em seguida analisou os fatores que influenciam a imunidade. Os resultados mostram que o subsistema de índice primário é coerente com o sistema total em cada fase, mas ainda há poucas diferenças no tempo, que podem ser divididas em quatro fases: desenvolvimento, recessão, recuperação e estabilidade; no plano de formação científico e razoável. Os atletas do sexo masculino e feminino tomam suplementos de exercício contendo proantocianidina em cada estágio de treinamento. Com respeito à imunidade humoral e à imunidade celular não houve reação adversa. Este estudo pode oferecer algum valor de referência para outros atletas antes e depois de tomar proantocianidina como suplemento desportivo.

RESUMEN La proantocianidina de la uva es un producto bueno para la salud, sin efectos colaterales y excelente actividad biológica, pero la investigación en el campo del tónico deportivo aun es relativamente lenta. Actualmente, la tecnología de preparación y extracción de las proantocianidinas de uva está relativamente madura. Este hecho lanzó las bases para la investigación de la proantocianidina deportiva tónica. Este estudio describió, en primer lugar, la estructura biológica de la proantocianidina de las uvas, y construyó el sistema inmunitario de los jugadores de voleibol antes y después de tomar suplementos deportivos de proantocianidina. Enseguida analizó los factores que influencian la inmunidad. Los resultados muestran que el subsistema de índice primario es coherente con el sistema total en cada fase, pero aun hay pocas diferencias en el tiempo, que pueden ser divididas en cuatro fases: desarrollo, recesión, recuperación y estabilidad; en el plano de la formación científica es razonable. Los atletas del sexo masculino y femenino toman suplementos de ejercicio conteniendo proantocianidina en cada nivel de entrenamiento. Con respecto a la inmunidad humoral y a la inmunidad celular no hubo reacción adversa. Este estudio puede ofrecer algún valor de referencia para otros atletas antes y después de tomar proantocianidina como suplemento deportivo.

Prohexadione-calcium on downy mildew and botrytis bunch rot epidemiology, and yield and technological and phenolic parameters of the Merlot vine cultivar in the highland region of southern Brazil / Efeitos da prohexadiona de cálcio na epidemiologia do mildio e podridão de botrytis e no desempenho vitícola da cultivar de videira Merlot em região de altitude do sul do Brasil

ABSTRACT: Prohexadione-calcium (ProCa) is a gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor and the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of ProCa on the downy mildew (DM) and Botrytis bunch rot (BBR) epidemiology, and the yield and technological and phenolic parameters of grape Merlot cultivar. Experiments were carried out in a commercial vineyard in São Joaquim Municipality/SC, Southern Brazil, during the 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 growing seasons. ProCa was applied at four doses and three phenological stages: A) 0 g ha−1 (control); B) 1000 g ha−1 (inflorescence fully developed); C) 500 + 500 g ha−1 (inflorescence fully developeted and full flowering); D) 500 + 500 + 500 g ha−1 (inflorescence fully developed, full flowering, and berries pea-sized). DM and BBR incidence and severity were quantified weekly from the first symptom appearance until harvest, and their epidemiology was compared according to: a) the beginning of symptom appearance; b) the time to reach the maximum disease incidence and severity; c) the maximum value of disease incidence and severity; d) the area under the disease progress curve. In general, there were significant differences in the ProCa doses for all epidemiologic parameters of DM and BBR compared with the control plot; however, there was no significant difference among the ProCa doses. The principal epidemiological variables that differentiated the effect of ProCa on the DM and BBR control were the Smax and AUSDPC. Some yield and technological and phenolic parameters were negatively affected by different doses of ProCa, but it was still a good option for DM and BBR control in highland region of southern Brazil during the 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 growing seasons.

RESUMO: A prohexadiona-cálcio (ProCa) é um inibidor da biossíntese de giberelina e o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o efeito do ProCa na epidemiologia do míldio da videira (MV) e da podridão de Botrytis (PB) e no desempenho vitícola da cultivar de videira Merlot. Experimentos foram realizados em um vinhedo comercial no município de São Joaquim/SC, Sul do Brasil, durante as safras 2017-2018 e 2018-2019. A ProCa foi aplicada em quatro doses e três estágios fenológicos: A) 0 g ha-1 (controle); B) 1000 g ha-1 (inflorescência totalmente desenvolvida); C) 500 + 500 g ha-1 (inflorescência totalmente desenvolvida e floração completa); D) 500 + 500 + 500 g ha-1 (inflorescência totalmente desenvolvida, floração completa e baga tipo ervilha). A incidência e severidade de MV e PB foram quantificadas semanalmente a partir do aparecimento dos primeiros sintomas até a colheita e a epidemiologia das doenças foram comparadas de acordo com: a) o início do aparecimento dos sintomas; b) tempo para atingir a máxima incidência e severidade da doença; c) valor máximo da incidência e severidade da doença; d) área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença. Em geral, houve diferenças significativas na dose de ProCa para todos os parâmetros epidemiológicos de MV e PB em comparação com o controle; no entanto, não houve diferença significativa entre as doses de ProCa. As principais variáveis ​​epidemiológicas que diferenciaram o efeito da ProCa no controle do MV e PB foram o Smax e o AUSDPC. Algumas variáveis vitícolas da cultivar Merlot foram afetados negativamente por diferentes doses de ProCa, mas ainda foi uma boa opção o uso da ProCa para o controle do MV e PB em região de altitude do sul do Brasil durante as safras 2017-2018 e 2018-2019.

Effects of foliar spray of agricultural grade mineral oil in springtime, in combination with potassium and calcium sulfates on the phenological and biophysical indices of clusters, and foliar nutritional levels in grapevine ( Vitis vinifera L.) cv. Sultana (Id. Thompson seedless, Sultanina)

BACKGROUND: Improving the nutritional condition of grapevine in spring to regulate bloom, fruit set, and yield is among the management goals of vineyards. METHODS: In the present study, the early season spray of calcium sulfate (C; 0.00 and 2.00%), potassium sulfate (K; 0.00 and 3.00%), and agricultural grade mineral oil (V; 0.00 and 1.00%) on flower and fruit phenology, nutrient concentration, and cluster biophysical indices and yield of Sultana grapevine ( Vitis vinifera L.) were investigated for two consecutive years. RESULTS: Based on the results, the spray of this nutrient combined with mineral oil significantly affected all the treatments except cluster length, berry length, and phosphorus concentration. The highest concentrations of potassium, calcium, and magnesium were obtained in the vines treated with V0K1C1, and the highest concentrations of zinc and iron were obtained only in the vines treated with mineral oil. In treatments containing mineral oil, especially in combination with the second level of calcium and potassium (V1K1C1), bloom time, berries pea-sized time, and harvest time were delayed by 3, 3, and 6 days compared with control vines. While in vines treated with a combination of the second level of potassium and calcium (V0K1C1), bloom time, berries pea-sized time, and harvest time were advanced by 5, 4, and 1.50 days, respectively, compared with control vines. Regarding the biophysical indices of the cluster, it was found that the vines treated with V1K1C1 had higher cluster weight, berry weight, fruit, and raisins yield than other treatments. Also, the highest berry quality, including total soluble solids, titratable acidity, and total phenol content, were obtained in the vines treated with V0K1C1. However, the lowest berry quality was observed in the vines treated with mineral oil. CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, the combination of nutrients with mineral oil can alleviate the adverse effect of mineral oil solely on some phenological indices and berry quality-related traits in vineyards.

Use of two kinds of antioxidants to restore the bond strength of bleached enamel / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#This work aimed to evaluate the ability of two kinds of antioxidants, namely, grape-seed extract and sodium ascorbate, in restoring bond strength at the resin-enamel interface after bleaching.@*METHODS@#Ten groups of samples with 15 teeth per group were prepared for shear-bond-strength test at the resin-enamel interface after bleaching. The groups were as follows: control; no antioxidant; 2.5%, 5%, 10%, or 15% grape-seed extract; and 2.5%, 5%, 10%, or 15% sodium ascorbate. The peak values of shear bond strength when resin was debonded from teeth and the failure modes under a microscope were recorded. Ten other groups of teeth with two teeth per group were prepared and treated in a similar approach before resin bonding. The samples were cut vertically to the bonding interface. The structures of the bonding interface were compared by scanning electron microscopy.@*RESULTS@#No statistically significant difference in shear bond strength was found among the no-antioxidant, 2.5% grape-seed extract, and 2.5%, 5%, or 10% sodium ascorbate groups (@*CONCLUSIONS@#Immediately after bleaching, the bond strength of dental enamel significantly decreased. Bond strength can be restored by 5% grape-seed extract or 15% sodium ascorbate in 5 min.

Enrichment of Gluten-free Cakes with Grape Molasses and Bioactive Rich Ingredients

Abstract In this study, the sugar used in the gluten-free cake was substituted with 75% grape molasses. In addition, the gluten-free flour mixture used in the cake formulation was prepared as a combination of rice flour (75%), chickpea flour (15%)and carrot flour (10%). This mixture was replaced separately with 5% grape seed, pomegranate seed, flaxseed, poppy seed and turmeric to improve the nutritional composition of gluten-free cakes. Supplemented cakes contained higher ash, crude protein, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity values than gluten-free control sample. Cake samples containing pomegranate seed and flaxseed had higher contents of Ca, P and K than control cakes. In addition, flaxseed and poppy seed containing cakes were found richer in terms of Mn and Mg than control. Utilization of grape molasses together with grape seed, pomegranate seed, flaxseed, poppy seed and turmeric in formulation caused a reduction in volume index of cake samples. The hardness values of the gluten-free cakes were generally higher than that of the control. Cakes containing flaxseed and poppy seed scored higher in sensory analysis than other substituted samples. Based on these results, the use of grape molasses with flaxseed and poppy seed can be recommended for the production of gluten-free cakes with acceptable sensory properties and high total phenolic content and antioxidant activity.

Improving micropropagation of some grape cultivars via boron, calcium and phosphate

BACKGROUND: An efficient regeneration protocol is a priority for the successful application of plant biotechnology. Grape nodal explants were used to develop a micropropagation protocol for Thompson Seedless and Taify cvs. Explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with Kinetin or benzylaminopurine (BA) and indolebutyric acid (IBA). RESULTS: For both cultivars, axillary buds were grown, only, on a medium enriched with kinetin, moreover, shoot tip necrosis and callus formation were observed on Thompson Seedless cv. cultures grown on a medium with BA. Supplementing the growth medium with 100 mM (boron) B and 2.5 mM (calcium) Ca successfully help overcome these phenomena. The highest regenerated shoot numbers (14 and 6.2 explant 1 ) for Taify and Thompson Seedless cvs., respectively, were on media supplemented with 13.2 mM BA + 4.9 mM IBA and BA 13.2 mM + 5.8 mM IBA, respectively. Moreover, these media supported the developing shoots to have the heaviest dry weights (1.46 and 0.72 mg explant 1 ) for Taify and Thompson Seedless cvs., respectively. Thompson Seedless cv. regenerated shoot numbers and their dry weights were significantly increased by increasing the MS medium PO4 concentration. However, these two parameters were significantly decreased for Taify cv. Developing shoots were elongated and rooted on MS medium enriched with 4.9 mM, IBA 100 mM B and 2.5 mM Ca. Plantlets were acclimatized and successfully transferred to the greenhouse conditions. CONCLUSIONS: A novel promising protocol for Thomson Seedless and Taify cvs. micropropagation using single nodes has been developed.

Production, physicochemical quality and antioxidant capacity of 'Niagara Rosada' grape grafted on different rootstocks / Produção, qualidade físico-química e capacidade antioxidante da uva 'Niagara Rosada' sobre diferentes porta-enxertos

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of rootstocks on grape production, quality and antioxidant capacity of 'Niagara Rosada' grape in two productive cycles. The work was developed in Jundiaí-SP, Brazil (26° 06' S, 46° 55' W and an average altitude of 745 m). The experimental design was in randomized blocks with subdivided plots, the plots being represented by the rootstocks and the subplots by the production cycles, with four replications, each consisting of 6 plants. The treatments consisted of a combination of 'IAC 313 Tropical', 'IAC 572 Jales', 'IAC 571-6 Jundiaí', 'IAC 766 Campinas' and '106-8 Mgt' as rootstocks and 'Niagara Rosada' as graft, and the production cycles were 2013 and 2014. The number of bunches, production and productivity of the vines, the physical characteristics of bunches, berries and stalks and the physicochemical composition of the must (soluble solids content, titratable acidity, pH and the relation soluble solids/titratable acidity) were evaluated in production cycles of 2013 and 2014). The content of chlorophylls, anthocyanins, carotenoids, flavonoids and total phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity of grapes were also evaluated in grape berries. The rootstocks did not influence the production and physical quality of 'Niagara Rosada' grapes. As for the chemical characteristics, rootstocks only had an effect on solids content, and 'IAC 766' and '106-8 Mgt' rootstocks promoted higher values of this characteristic. Likewise, the total phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity of the grapes were not influenced by the studied rootstocks. The vines in 2013 presented higher production and better physical characteristics of the grapes, however, the soluble solids content in this cycle was lower than in 2014.

Objetivou-se avaliar a influência de porta-enxertos na produção da videira, na qualidade e capacidade antioxidante da uva 'Niagara Rosada' em dois ciclos produtivos. O trabalho foi realizado em Jundiaí-SP, Brasil (26° 06' S, 46° 55' W e uma altitude média de 745m). O delineamento experimental foi de blocos causalizados em parcelas subdivididas, as parcelas foram representas pelos porta-enxertos e as subparcelas pelos ciclos de produção, com quatro repetições, constituídas de 6 plantas. Os tratamentos consistiram na combinação entre os porta-enxertos 'IAC 313 Tropical', 'IAC 572 Jales', 'IAC 571-6 Jundiaí', 'IAC 766 Campinas' e '106-8 Mgt' e a variedade copa 'Niagara Rosada', e os ciclos produtivos de 2013 e 2014. O número de cachos, produção e produtividade das videiras, as características físicas de cachos, bagas e engaços e a composição físico-química do mosto (teor de sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, pH e relação sólidos solúveis/acidez titulável) foram avaliados nos ciclos de produção de 2013 e 2014. Avaliou-se ainda nas bagas das uvas o conteúdo de clorofilas, antocianinas, carotenoides, flavonoides e compostos fenólicos totais e a atividade antioxidante. Os porta-enxertos não influenciaram a produção e a qualidade física da uva 'Niagara Rosada'. Quanto as características químicas houve efeito dos porta-enxertos apenas no teor de sólidos solúveis, sendo que os porta-enxertos 'IAC 766' e '106-8 Mgt' promoveram maiores valores dessa característica. Da mesma forma, os compostos fenólicos totais e a atividade antioxidante das uvas não foram influenciados pelos porta-enxertos estudados. As videiras, em 2013 apresentaram maior produção e melhores características físicas das uvas, no entanto, o teor de sólidos solúveis nesse ciclo foi inferior ao de 2014.